THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY AND LEARNING INDEPENDENCE AGAINTS THE OUTCOMES OF THE STUDY MATERIAL ON ECOSYSTEM BIOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT OF GRADE X

In education word one of a serious problem is a high to low student learning outcomes. Good learning outcomes will be achieved when students have the self-efficacy and learning independence in overcoming learning difficulties which affect them. This research aims to find out and analyze the influence of self-efficacy and learning independence against the outcomes of the study of biology students. The research method used is ex pose facto 2x2 factorial design. The sample of this research is the grade X with number of 74 students. The instruments in this research are self-efficacy questioner, learning independence questioner and the outcomes study quesioner. Prerequisites testing conducted distributed normal data using Kolmogorov Smirnov and homogenous test using Bartlet test. Based on hypothesis testing, it was concluded that there is no influence of self-efficacy and learning independence against the outcomes of the study and there is influence between learning independence on student learning outcomes at Senior High School in Bekasi.


INTRODUCTION
Curriculum is a set of plans and arrangements concerning objectives, content and instructional materials as well as ways used as guidelines for the implementation of learning activities to achieve specific educational goals as stated on Republic of Indonesia Act No.23 (2003).One of the curriculum contained in Indonesia is the 2013 curriculum.According to Poerwati and Amri (2013), the 2013 curriculum was developed to improve the achievement of education by increasing the effectiveness of learning in educational units and the addition of learning time in schools.Therefore, in the application of curriculum students are expected and encouraged to be more active by developing self-efficacy attitude and independence in learning to improve learning outcomes.The problem of serious concern in the world of education is a question of high to low student learning outcomes.Good learning outcomes will be achieved if students have self efficacy and learning independence in overcoming learning difficulties experienced.
Self-efficacy is the individual's belief in one ability to organize and accomplish a task that is used to achieve a certain outcome (Alwisol, 2016).Self-efficacy is defined as the belief that a person has the necessary skills to carry out the behaviors required to carry out the behaviors required for task success.Each student needs self efficacy in performing his duties as a student (Colquitt and Wesson, 2011).Selfefficacy can influence students in choosing tasks and increase students' confidence to complete the task (Bandura, 1997).Students who have high self-efficacy will improve their cognitive abilities and learning independence.The higher the selfefficacy of the students, the student's learning independence is getting better (Tanta, 2015).
Learning independence can be defined as increased knowledge, individual ability, and individual self-determination goals in learning (Gibbons, 2002).Learning independence can be viewed as a process and outcome (Rustaman, 2011).Learning independence as a process implies that students have a great responsibility in achieving learning goals independent of others, teachers, or other external factors.Learning independence is seen as a result if after following the learning process, students become independent (Nurhayati, 2011).Learning independence is an active level of student participation that involves aspects of metacognition, motivation, and behavior in the teaching process (Zimmerman & Chen, 2002).Increased learning outcomes are influenced by self efficacy and high learning independence.This is appropriate in the study Tanta (2015) which states that the motivation, self efficacy and learning independence have a positive effect in determining the high-low level achievement of student learning outcomes.To achieve the learning objectives, it is necessary to design good teaching and learning activities that can improve learning outcomes.Sudjana (2016) states the learning outcomes are the abilities that students have after receiving the learning experience.Learning outcomes achieved by students are basically the result of personality, high self efficacy, gender, learning style, family, and learning independence.Based on the daily Biological material replicates Ecosystems conducted in 2014/2015 obtained that from 160 students who had attended the exam there are 66 students who reach a value completely while the 94 students have not yet reached the value completely.The low student learning outcomes to the materials of the ecosystem can be seen from a comparison of the number of students who have not yet reached the value completely.Based on these problems, it is necessary to conduct research that aims to determine whether there is influence of self-efficacy and learning independence of student learning outcomes.

METHOD
This type of research uses expost facto method to obtain facts from the symptoms that exist and search for factual information with factorial design by level 2 x 2. The approach of this research is quantitative approach that uses data in the form of numbers or qualitative data that is changed into numerical form.This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Bekasi in the second semester of academic year 2016-2017.The sample used in this study using Simple random sampling, with 1 class as a trial and 5 research classes using Mcclave techniques and data collection techniques using questionnaire instruments.The population in this study as many as 200 students so that in can be further determined that 134 students samples of 74 students by taking 27% up and 27% down.Based on table 1 sample distribution can be found on each of the following groups: The first stage is pre-requirement test analysis, consisting of normality test by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and linearity test for α = 0.05.After fulfilling the criteria on the pre-requirement test, the analysis of the next step is to perform analysis to test the hypothesis that has been proposed and the relative and effective contribution of variables X1 and X2 to Y by using the test of significance and Anova test used to examine the effect of self efficacy and learning independence on biology learning outcomes of the students.All hypothesis testing using α = 0.05.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The data that have been obtained Normality test results in all four groups were normally distributed with significant values (0,144, 0,983, 0,355, and 0,592) > α = 0.05.The result significant values bigger than α, it mean data normal.Homogeneity test using Bartlet test at α = 0.05 with the help of SPSS 16.The result shows bigger significance value than α = 0.05 that is equal to 0,297, so H0 accepted meaning data have same variance (homogen).Based on the results of the normality and homogeneity test the data obtained has met the prerequisite test.This study has 4 data groups 4 data cells with 3 hypotheses tested.Testing with ANOVA test using SPSS 16 in General Linear Model because the number of samples obtained is not the same in each group.Based on the results of hypothesis testing obtained test data of each hypothesis as follows.Based on Table 3 can be seen the results of testing hypothesis 1 regarding the effect of self efficacy on student biology learning outcomes.Obtained sig self efficacy value of 0,448 > α (0,05), hence based on predetermined criterion concluded data accept Ho mean there is no effect of self efficacy to result of biology study of material of ecosystem at student of sma class X at value α = 0,05.This revelation is in line with research conducted by Tanta (2015) which states that self efficacy has no significant effect on students' biology learning outcomes.The same thing is expressed in the Novianti research journal (2015) on the effect of efficacy on the students 'biology learning outcomes that self efficacy has an indirect effect on students' biology learning outcomes.
The influence of low self-efficacy against the results of the study is not just caused by a single factor for self-efficacy of students, but influenced by external factors.External factors include family, school environment and teacher, has an important role in determining the success of teaching and learning activities and the achievement of the objectives of education.School environment and teacher instrumental in resurrecting the confidence of students in the learning process.The role of families is very important because it is the first lemaga before students at the school, such as family relationships, relationships with children, parents, and family economics.This finding is in accordance with Ahmed (2011) that have self efficacy are weak against the academic performance and only account 3.6% in changing academic achievement.
The second hypothesis test is the influence of learning independence on student biology learning outcomes, in table 3 can be seen significant value of influence of learning independence to result of biology study of ecosystem material on student SMA class X based on test result using SPSS 16 got equal to 0,049.Because of the large sig value.<0,05, hence based on predetermined criterion concluded reject H0 or there is influence of learning independence to result of biology study of ecosystem material on high school grade X at value α = 0,05.The same thing also expressed by Adicondro (2011) states that the independence of learning affects the learning outcomes, the higher the independence of learning the higher the result of learning.The high level of student learning independence makes students responsible for achieving learning goals independent of other students, teachers, and parents.The results are in accordance with Saefullah (2013) in his research, stating that the learning independence has a positive relationship with learning outcomes.
Testing of hypothesis 3 is to test the effect of interaction between self-efficacy and learning independence of biology learning result of ecosystem material in high school grade X.The test result gives sig value of 0.391 (Table 3), because the sig value.> 0,05, hence accept H0 means there is no interaction effect between self efficacy and learning independence to result of biology study of ecosystem material on student of class X on α = 0,05.Research conducted by Tanta (2015) stated that self efficacy is an individual belief about the ability to complete the task and can give a positive influence on the independence of learning in order to enhance the role of students actively.
Unlike the statement of Tanta (2015) interaction doesn't occur in this research, because students often find it difficult to build confidence and readiness of the independent study.This can be seen in Figure 1, it is seen that the lines of self efficacy and independence of learning doesn't intersect, so that it can be said the interaction doesn't occur.
Low level of interaction between selfefficacy and learning independence caused students haven't had a strong independent attitude in learning, students are still dependent to a friend or teacher, the confidence is low, and the students less utilizing learning resources provided in schools or at home.Cobb (2003) on self efficacy and learning independence states that there will be ups and downs of the learning process if high levels of low selflearning and self-efficacy change.The success of learning experienced by students is closely related to how the students manage themselves in learning.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research and hypothesis testing that has been done, it can be conclude that there is no effect of self efficacy on biology learning outcomes.However, there is a large influence of learning independence on student learning outcomes on ecosystem material and there is no interaction between self-efficacy and learning independence of student's biology learning outcomes.Students are expected to be able to make a list of the sequence of events began the easiest to the most difficult.Enhance the independence of the study can be done by providing task independently and provides an opportunity to analyze student assignments are given.In addition, the study of biology on Ecosystems better material delivered by an innovative way and form analysis of something as it will motivate students to create a fun and learning environment.

Table 1 .
The distribution of the population of the Learners in each Group before, have to pass prerequisite test that is distribusi frequency, normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis test.The normality test test used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at α = 0.05 with the help of SPSS 16.Score results of the study on selfefficacy group and learning independence groups, can be seen in table 2 below: Distribution Frequency of Score Results of the Study on Self-Efficacy Group and Learning Independence Groups.
Tabel 3. Result of Anova Test Calculation on the Influence of Self Efficacy and Learning Independence toward Students' Biology Learning Outcomes Line Liagram of Interaction between Self-Efficacy and Learning Independence