Pumpkin and Tempeh-Based Enteral Nutrition as a Supplementary Food for Undernourished Toddlers

Abstract

In Indonesia, the prevalence of malnutrition among children is 3.9% for severe cases and 13.8% for moderate cases. Pumpkin, rich in ?-carotene, enhances immunity, while tempeh, high in protein, supports growth and development in children. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and sensory characteristics of an enteral formula based on pumpkin and tempeh as a high-energy and high-protein (HEHP) supplementary food for malnourished children. A descriptive method was used to analyze the formula’s flow rate, viscosity, osmolality, and acceptability. A total of 24 panelists assessed the sensory quality of the enteral formula. Results showed a flow rate of 1.5 ml/second, viscosity of 60.47 cp, and osmolality of 325 mOsm/kg H2O. Panelists rated the formula’s color (6, liked), aroma (5, slightly liked), taste (5, slightly liked), texture (4, neutral), and overall acceptability (5, slightly liked). This enteral formula shows potential as an alternative therapy for malnourished children due to its high nutrient density and physical properties that meet the criteria for enteral feeding.

Keywords:   Enteral, malnutrition, pumpkin, physical properties, tempeh