Siphonaxanthin, A Functional Sea Grape’s Carotenoid Revaled Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibition; in Silico Study

Abstract

Sea grape is a nutritional macroalgae, contains high fiber, protein, vitamin, and mineral. Sea grape also contains several bioactive compounds and become functional food. Siphonaxantin was identified as a new carotenoid in sea grape extract, however the bioactivity has been investigated yet. This study covered potential activity of siphonaxantin as HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Siphonaxantin and fluvastatin structure were taken out from PubChem NCBI database, HMG CoA reductase protein structure was downloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB). Compounds and protein was interacted using Molegro virtual docker version 5 and visualized with Discovery studio version 21.1.1. Interestingly, the residue Asn755 was found on the siphonaxantin bound to HMG CoA reductase at several residues that identified as binding pocket of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin. Compared to fluvastatin as a control, siphonaxantin and fluvastatin closed interaction with HMG CoA reductase protein. Based on the binding energy, siphonaxantin performed a higher energy value than fluvastatin. Our study summarized that siphonaxantin, a new carotenoid from Caulerpa racemosa inhibited cholesterol synthesis by blocking HMG CoA reductase. In vitro and in vivo are required for further investigation.

Keywords:   Caulerpa racemosa, hypercholesterolemia, molecular docking, siphonaxantin.